Jalapeno, Northern Bell, Poblano, Cayenne and Anaheim have been my most prolific and earlier peppers, but most any pepper can be grown in 5B if started early enough.
We usually do not plant out here until Memorial Day week, but the weather sometimes doesn't cooperate and we don't plant until 1st or even 2nd week of June. It can all be over by mid-September, so as said above short growing season areas are best suited to fast maturing peppers.
If you start from seed in early March you should be picking peppers from early August into September. In general (very general), sweet peppers are 60-80 days and hots are 70-100 days. Some varieties will take 100-120 days if the weather starts to get too cool.
4-6" pots will generally work to grow them out until transplant, but I am going to try growing my habaneros this year in 5 gallon buckets and start them in mid-Feb because those always seem to be the end of season hold outs.
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